托福獨立寫作對考生詞匯運(yùn)用方面的要求中，比較重要也是相當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)的一點就是不要用錯詞匯。然而這許多同學(xué)卻總是會在詞匯上摔個跟頭。

　　1、托福獨立寫作詞匯錯誤：主謂一致

　　我們來看以下句子：

　　Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities is valuable to most people.

　　A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that help maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.

　　第一句句子的主語是books，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式are而不是is，這就是“主謂一致”，即：謂語動詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語保持一致。因此原句的正確表達(dá)為：Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities are valuable to most people.

　　第二句句子的主語是a less complicated social environment，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式helps. 因此原句的正確表達(dá)為：A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that helps maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.

　　2、托福獨立寫作詞匯錯誤：謂語動詞的表現(xiàn)形式

　　我們來看以下句子：

　　Most students like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time.

　　Children who find passion in sports holding on to this passion throughout life, which leads to a healthier and more successful future.

　　第一句句子中l(wèi)ike to watch TV和cannot finish their homework in time都是謂語動詞，一般而言，兩個謂語動詞需要用連詞(如and或but)進(jìn)行連接，或者可以將like to watch TV變?yōu)閺木洌纾篗ost students who like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time(定語從句).

　　第二句句子沒有謂語。句子中who find passion in sports是修飾children的“定語從句”，which leads to a healthier and more successful future是以which為引導(dǎo)的“非限定性定語從句”。整句句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)該是hold，而不應(yīng)該使用非謂語形式(holding)。在托福獨立寫作中尤其要注意there be句型中“謂語的表現(xiàn)形式”，如：

　　There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest.

　　因為there be句型中的be本身就是謂語成分，所以不能使用reflect，而應(yīng)改為：There are a great variety of articles and topics that accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest(定語從句);或There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflecting the diversity of users’ interest(非謂語結(jié)構(gòu))。

　　3、托福獨立寫作詞匯錯誤：謂語動詞的語態(tài)

　　“語態(tài)”表現(xiàn)的是主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系，托福獨立寫作中主要使用“主動語態(tài)”，不建議頻繁使用“被動語態(tài)”。

　　我們來看以下句子：

　　Many children can avoid their most disliked courses if they are given the opportunity to choose.

　　Because the content of an e-book is delivered electronically to their devices, students can shop for e-books and receive them almost immediately, any time of the day or night.

　　第一句句子中“避免最不喜歡的課程”動作的發(fā)出者是“孩子們”，因此是“主動語態(tài)”;而他們“被”提供機(jī)會進(jìn)行選擇是“被動”的。第二句句子中“電子書的內(nèi)容”和“將電子版本傳輸?shù)綄W(xué)生的設(shè)備之中”是“被動”的關(guān)系，而學(xué)生“購買電子圖書”和“不管白天還是黑夜，可以第一時間收到這些圖書”都是“主動”的關(guān)系。