Maggie在SAT真題中篩選了一些原句,給大家分享一些重點(diǎn)詞匯以及短語。
That this momentous event took place in Africa---the continent in which we find the first fossil evidence of creatures who looked just like us, and (somewhat later) the earliest archaeological suggestions of symbolic activities---is corroborated by a recent study of the sounds used in spoken languages around the world. The study of comparative linguistics makes it clear that languages have evolved much as organisms have done, with descendant versions branching away from the ancestral forms while still retaining for some time the imprint of their common origins. Many scientists have accordingly used the differentiation of languages as a guide to the spread of mankind across the globe. And in doing this they have traditionally concentrated on the words that make up those languages. But this has proved a tricky endeavor, for individual words change quite rapidly over time: so rapidly that beyond a time depth of about five thousand years, or ten at the very most, it turns out to he fairly hopeless to look for substantial traces of relationship.
momentous
Momentous:關(guān)鍵的,重要的
很多同學(xué)第一次看到這個(gè)單詞的時(shí)候,會(huì)認(rèn)為moment變成了形容詞,直接翻譯成“瞬間的”,但這個(gè)單詞準(zhǔn)確的意思是“重要的,重大的”。其實(shí)moment本身還有importance in influence or effect的意思,所以自然momentous的意思就是“重要的”。
還有兩個(gè)單詞意思是“重要的”:
Measurable一般學(xué)生只能想到“可測量的”。
Consequential一般學(xué)生只能想到“結(jié)果的”。
總結(jié)起來:significant,momentous,measurable,consequential,這些單詞的意思都是“重要的”。
常用搭配:
a momentous decision
a momentous event/occasion
corroborate
robor詞根的意思是“力量”,可以聯(lián)想單詞robust(強(qiáng)壯的,結(jié)實(shí)的,富有活力的)記憶這個(gè)詞根。Cor-前綴表示“加強(qiáng)”,動(dòng)詞后綴-ate。因此corroborate類似于confirm,證實(shí)。表示“證實(shí)”的單詞還有:attest,verify,validate,substantiate。
還有一個(gè)比較特別的短語:bear out意思也是“證實(shí),支持”。
linguistics
其實(shí)看到這個(gè)單詞,最容易想到的是lingual(語言的,舌的)。對構(gòu)詞學(xué)來說,發(fā)音相似可互換原則,其實(shí)就是language換了元音字母和后綴。那linguist,后綴-ist表示“人”,因此linguist意思是語言學(xué)家。那后綴-ics一般可以表示“學(xué)科”,比如physics,economics。因此linguistics意思是“語言學(xué)”。
evolve
Volv詞根的意思是“卷,轉(zhuǎn)”,e-作為前綴意思是“出”,合起來及物動(dòng)詞evolve意思是“通過自然進(jìn)化進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生,發(fā)展,演變”。同義詞:develop,elaborate,unfold。
例句:
However, just as businesses have to evolve to satisfy their customers, so does software.(然而,正如企業(yè)必須發(fā)展以滿足其客戶一樣,軟件也是如此。)
— Jan Webering, Forbes, 27 Oct. 2021
branch away A from B
Branch意思是“樹枝,分支,分店”,br-意思是“分”比如brother。branch away A from B意思是:把A從B中分開。
retain
近義詞區(qū)分:
Keep:安全地由某人占有、保管或控制。
Keep this while I'm gone.
Retain:繼續(xù)保存,特別是為了防止被威脅扣押或被迫丟失。
They managed to retain their dignity even in poverty.
Detain:推遲釋放??哿艚邮苡崋?
The act allows police to detain a suspect for up to 48 hours.
Withhold:拒絕給予,扣留.
Financial aid for Britain has been withheld.
Reserve:為將來使用而儲(chǔ)存的物品。
These seats are reserved for special guests.
整體翻譯:
最近對世界各地口語中使用的聲音進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究,證實(shí)了這一重大事件發(fā)生在非洲。——我們在該大陸發(fā)現(xiàn)了與我們長相相似的生物的第一個(gè)化石證據(jù),以及最早的象征性活動(dòng)考古學(xué)建議。比較語言學(xué)的研究清楚地表明,語言的進(jìn)化與生物體的進(jìn)化差不多,后代版本從祖先形式分支出來,同時(shí)仍保留了它們共同起源的印記一段時(shí)間。許多科學(xué)家因此使用語言的差異作為人類在全球傳播的指南。在這樣做時(shí),他們傳統(tǒng)上專注于構(gòu)成這些語言的詞。但事實(shí)證明這是一項(xiàng)棘手的努力,因?yàn)殡S著時(shí)間的推移,單個(gè)詞的變化非常迅速:速度如此之快,以至于超過大約五千年或最多十年的時(shí)間深度,結(jié)果證明他相當(dāng)無望地尋找大量的痕跡關(guān)系。 |