GRE不光有技巧,不光有快速解題法,GRE更加考察大家的邏輯硬實(shí)力,文字理解實(shí)打?qū)嵉纳疃?/span>。良好的GRE備考應(yīng)當(dāng)在課堂上向老師學(xué)習(xí)快速解題法,取同取反邏輯的同時(shí),課下扎扎實(shí)實(shí)的讀懂每一句話。讀懂,是一切技巧使用的前提。皮之不存,毛將焉附?
Passage 73
Jane Austen’ s relationship to Romanticism has long been a vexed one. Although her dates (1775-1817) place her squarely within the period, she traditionally has been studied apart from the male poets whose work defined British Romanticism for most of the twentieth century. In the past her novels were thought to follow an Augustan mode at odds with the Romantic ethos. Even with the advent of historicist and feminist criticism, which challenged many previous characterizations of Austen as detached from the major social, political and aesthetic currents of her time, she continued to be distinguished from her male contemporaries. Jerome McCann, for example, insists that Austen does not espouse the Romantic ideology. Anne Mellor declares that Austen, along with other “leading women intellectual and writers of the day” “did not”, participate in the Romantic “spirit of the age” but instead embraced an alternative ideology that Mellor labels “feminine Romanticism”.
To be sure, some critics throughout the years have argued for Austen’s affinities with one or more of the male Romantic poets. A special issue of the Wordsworth Circle (Autumn 1976) was devoted to exploring connections between Austen and her male contemporaries. Clifford Siskin in his historicist study of Romanticism argued that Austen does participate in the same major innovation, the naturalization of belief in a developing self, as that characterized in Wordsworth’s poetry and other key works from the period. Recently, three books have appeared (by Clara Tuite, William Galperin, and William Deresiewicz) that in various ways treat Austen as a Romantic writer and together signal a shift in the tendency to segregate the major novelist of the age from the major poets.
The present essay seeks to contribute to this goal of firmly integrating Austen within the Romantic movement and canon. It does so by pointing out affinities between Austen and a writer with whom she has not commonly been associated, John Keats. Most comparisons of Austen and the Romantic poets have focused on Wordsworth and Byron, whose works we know she read. Although Austen could not have read Keats’ s poems, which only began to appear in print during the last years of her life, and there is no evidence that Keats knew Austen’ s novels, a number of important similarities can be noted in these writers’ works that provide further evidence to link Austen with the Romantic movement, especially the period of second-generation Romanticism when all of her novels were published.
Jane Austen’ s relationship to Romanticism has long been a vexed one.
Jane Austen(的作品)和浪漫主義文學(xué)流派之間的關(guān)系一直以來(lái)都被人們反復(fù)爭(zhēng)論不休。
Although her dates (1775-1817) place her squarely within the period, she traditionally has been studied apart from the male poets whose work defined British Romanticism for most of the twentieth century.
盡管她在世的時(shí)候(1775-1817)恰好也是浪漫主義文學(xué)盛行的時(shí)候,但在過(guò)去,人們一直把她和一些男性詩(shī)人(這些詩(shī)人的作品定義了大部分 20 世紀(jì)時(shí)期的英國(guó)浪漫主義文學(xué)風(fēng)格)分開(kāi)來(lái)研究。
這句話表明,在傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)看來(lái),雖然 Jane Austen 生活的年代浪漫主義風(fēng)格盛行,但其作品并不屬于浪漫主義派。
(備注:浪漫主義是一歐洲藝術(shù)、文學(xué)及文化運(yùn)動(dòng),開(kāi)始于 1790 年工業(yè)革命的德意志邦聯(lián),盛于 1800 至 1850 年。)
In the past her novels were thought to follow an Augustan mode at odds with the Romantic ethos.
在過(guò)去,人們認(rèn)為她的小說(shuō)屬于“奧古斯都文學(xué)派”(奧古斯都文學(xué)是一種英國(guó)文學(xué)風(fēng)格),而這種文學(xué)流派的風(fēng)格和浪漫主義文學(xué)派的風(fēng)格是不一致的。
Even with the advent of historicist and feminist criticism, which challenged many previous characterizations of Austen as detached from the major social, political and aesthetic currents of her time, she continued to be distinguished from her male contemporaries.
即使是后來(lái)出現(xiàn)的歷史主義者和女權(quán)主義批評(píng)的論調(diào)質(zhì)疑了很多之前人們對(duì) Jane Austen 的看法(以前觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為 Austen 的小說(shuō)并不符合當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)、政治以及審美主流),但人們依然認(rèn)為 Jane Austen 和她同時(shí)代的男性作家是不一樣的。
Jerome McCann, for example, insists that Austen does not espouse the Romantic ideology.
比如,Jerome McCann 就堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為 Jane Austen 并不認(rèn)可浪漫主義派的思想體系。
Anne Mellor declares that Austen, along with other “leading women intellectual and writers of the day” “did not”, participate in the Romantic “spirit of the age” but instead embraced an alternative ideology that Mellor labels “feminine Romanticism”.
Anne Mellor 則認(rèn)為,Austen “和其他杰出的女性知識(shí)分子以及女性作家”一樣,都“沒(méi)有”“當(dāng)時(shí)那個(gè)年代的浪漫主義精神”,而是認(rèn)可另外一種被 Mellor 稱(chēng)之為“女性浪漫主義”的思想體系。
這一段主要描述了傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)對(duì) Jane Austen 的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格的看法??傮w來(lái)說(shuō),過(guò)去的學(xué)者認(rèn)為 Jane Austen 的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格不屬于浪漫主義流派。
To be sure, some critics throughout the years have argued for Austen’s affinities with one or more of the male Romantic poets.
當(dāng)然,多年以來(lái),一些評(píng)論家一直在論證表明 Austen 和一位或者多位男性浪漫主義詩(shī)人之間有著相似之處。
A special issue of the Wordsworth Circle (Autumn 1976) was devoted to exploring connections between Austen and her male contemporaries.
Wordsworth Circle 這份期刊雜志的一期特刊(1976 年的秋季刊)致力于探索 Austen 和她同時(shí)期的男性作家之間的聯(lián)系。
Clifford Siskin in his historicist study of Romanticism argued that Austen does participate in the same major innovation, the naturalization of belief in a developing self, as that characterized in Wordsworth’s poetry and other key works from the period.
Clifford Siskin 在其對(duì)浪漫主義流派進(jìn)行的歷史主義研究中提到,Austen 有做出過(guò)重大的創(chuàng)新(即自我發(fā)展的內(nèi)化),這一點(diǎn)在 Wordsworth 的詩(shī)歌、以及同時(shí)代其它重要詩(shī)歌作品中都有所體現(xiàn)。
(備注:William Wordsworth 是英國(guó)浪漫主義詩(shī)人,與雪萊、拜倫齊名,也是湖畔詩(shī)人的代表。其代表作有與塞繆爾·泰勒·柯勒律治合著的《抒情歌謠集》(Lyrical Ballads)、長(zhǎng)詩(shī)《序曲》(Prelude)、《漫游》。)
Recently, three books have appeared (by Clara Tuite, William Galperin, and William Deresiewicz) that in various ways treat Austen as a Romantic writer and together signal a shift in the tendency to segregate the major novelist of the age from the major poets.
最近,有三本書(shū)(作者分別是 Clara Tuite,William Galperin,和 William Deresiewicz)都通過(guò)不同方式,把 Austen 劃分到浪漫主義作家之列。并且這三本書(shū)釋放了一個(gè)信號(hào),那就是要改變過(guò)去把同時(shí)代的小說(shuō)家和詩(shī)人區(qū)分開(kāi)的做法。
這段話提出了新的觀點(diǎn),一些批評(píng)家進(jìn)行了不同方式的研究,認(rèn)為 Jane Austen 的小說(shuō)是具備浪漫主義派的風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)。
The present essay seeks to contribute to this goal of firmly integrating Austen within the Romantic movement and canon.
本篇論文致力于將 Austen 的作品納入到浪漫主義文學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)和浪漫主義文學(xué)著作之中。
It does so by pointing out affinities between Austen and a writer with whom she has not commonly been associated, John Keats.
這篇論文指出了一位人們通常不會(huì)與之聯(lián)系起來(lái)的作家(John Keats)和 Austen 兩人之間的相似之處。
Most comparisons of Austen and the Romantic poets have focused on Wordsworth and Byron, whose works we know she read.
大部分對(duì) Austen 和浪漫主義詩(shī)人之間的比較,都集中于把 Austen 和 Wordsworth 以及 Byron 這兩人進(jìn)行比較。我們都知道 Austen 讀過(guò) Wordsworth 和 Byron 這兩位詩(shī)人的作品。
Although Austen could not have read Keats’ s poems, which only began to appear in print during the last years of her life, and there is no evidence that Keats knew Austen’ s novels, a number of important similarities can be noted in these writers’ works that provide further evidence to link Austen with the Romantic movement, especially the period of second-generation Romanticism when all of her novels were published.
盡管 Austen 不可能讀過(guò) Keats 的詩(shī)歌,因?yàn)?Keats 的詩(shī)歌是在 Austen 在世的最后幾年才發(fā)表的,而且也沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明 Keats 熟悉 Austen 的小說(shuō),但是我們還是可以發(fā)現(xiàn)兩人的作品有很多重要的相似之處。這種相似之處進(jìn)一步為我們提供了證據(jù),表明 Austen 和浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)之間是有聯(lián)系的,尤其是在浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的第二個(gè)階段。在這一時(shí)期,Austen 所有的小說(shuō)都發(fā)表了。
這一段話繼續(xù)支持了新的觀點(diǎn),通過(guò)新的研究方式(即比較了 Austen 和 John Keats 的相似之處),認(rèn)為 Jane Austen 的小說(shuō)具有浪漫主義派的特點(diǎn)。
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. reconcile two competing positions in an ongoing critical debate.
B. develop a counterargument against a recent interpretation of a writer’s work.
C. provide support for a new approach to a writer’s work.
D. illustrate the contradictions experienced by women writers during a certain period.
E. explain a writer’s detachment from the major intellectual currents of a period.
文章描述了對(duì) Jane Austen 小說(shuō)評(píng)價(jià)的轉(zhuǎn)變。過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為 Jane Austen 的小說(shuō)不屬于浪漫主義派,但是現(xiàn)在,新的研究方式表明,Jane Austen 的小說(shuō)具有浪漫主義派的一些特點(diǎn)。
A. 調(diào)和了一項(xiàng)正在進(jìn)行的辯論中,兩個(gè)相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)。
B. 對(duì)最近一個(gè)作家作品的解讀內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了反駁。
C. 為評(píng)價(jià)一位作家的作品提供了新的思路。
D. 闡明了女性作家在某個(gè)時(shí)期所經(jīng)歷的不一致。
E. 解釋了一位作家在某個(gè)時(shí)期里,和主流的知識(shí)分子的觀點(diǎn)不一致。
2. The author of the passage describes Austen’s relationship to Romanticism as “vexed” mainly because
A. her novels do not follow the Augustan mode to the extent the poetry of her contemporaries did.
B. her views seem to be at odds with those of male writer whose works defined British Romanticism.
C. her novels were written during the Romantic period, yet she is not treated as a Romantic writer.
D. her novels are critical of the Romantic ideology, embracing instead an alternative ideology sometimes described as “feminine Romanticism”.
E. she achieved recognition for her novels, whereas the Romantic era is better known for its poetry.
第二題:文章作者提到 Austen 和浪漫主義派之間的關(guān)系一直以來(lái)都被人們反復(fù)爭(zhēng)論不休,主要原因是什么?
這道題對(duì)應(yīng)的是原文第二句的內(nèi)容。原文第二句即是對(duì)第一句話的話的解釋?zhuān)m然 Jane Austen 生活的年代恰好也是浪漫主義文學(xué)盛行的時(shí)候,但在過(guò)去,人們一直不認(rèn)為她的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格是屬于浪漫主義派的。
A. 因?yàn)?Austen 的小說(shuō)并沒(méi)有像她同時(shí)期的作家一樣,那么大程度的沿用“奧古斯都文學(xué)派”的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。
B. 因?yàn)?Austen 的觀點(diǎn)和男性作家的觀點(diǎn)不一致(這些男性作家定義了英國(guó)浪漫主義文學(xué))。
C. 因?yàn)?Austen 的小說(shuō)是在浪漫主義盛行的時(shí)候撰寫(xiě)的,但是人們卻并不認(rèn)為她是一個(gè)浪漫主義派的作家。
D. 因?yàn)樗男≌f(shuō)批判了浪漫主義文學(xué)的思想體系,而支持另外一個(gè)“女性浪漫主義”的思想體系。
E. 因?yàn)樗窃谛≌f(shuō)方面獲得了人們的認(rèn)可,而浪漫主義時(shí)期以詩(shī)歌聞名。
3. According to the passage, compared to critics trained in “historicist and feminist criticism” (highlighted) earlier critics of Austen were
A. more likely to represent her as isolated from the major intellectual currents of her period.
B. more likely to represent her as departing from Augustan modes of thought.
C. more likely to find connections between her novels and Romantic poetry.rt.
D. less likely to neglect the influence of Romantic ideology on her work.
E. less likely to notice affinities between Austen and her female counterparts.
第三題:根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,相對(duì)于那些在“歷史主義學(xué)和女性主義批評(píng)”的研究領(lǐng)域的批評(píng)家來(lái)說(shuō),早期研究 Austen 作品的批評(píng)家怎么樣?
原文在第一段第四句話提到了“歷史主義學(xué)和女性主義批評(píng)”的研究領(lǐng)域的批評(píng)家。這些人質(zhì)疑了之前人們對(duì) Jane Austen 的看法(以前觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為 Austen 的小說(shuō)并不符合當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)、政治以及審美主流)。盡管如此,人們依然認(rèn)為 Jane Austen 和她同時(shí)代的男性作家是不一樣的。也就是說(shuō),在傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)看來(lái),Jane Austen 的作品并不屬于浪漫主義派,不屬于當(dāng)時(shí)的主流文化。
A. 傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)更傾向于認(rèn)為 Austen 遠(yuǎn)離了她那個(gè)年代里,主流知識(shí)分子的觀點(diǎn)。
B. 傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)更傾向于認(rèn)為 Austen 遠(yuǎn)離了“奧古斯都文學(xué)派”的思潮。
C. 傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)更有可能認(rèn)為 Austen 小說(shuō)和浪漫主義文學(xué)派的詩(shī)歌之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)。
D.傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)更不太可能會(huì)忽視浪漫主義派的思想體系對(duì) Austen 的影響。
E. 傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)更不太可能會(huì)注意到 Austen 和與她類(lèi)似的其他女性之間的相似之處。
4. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the concept of “feminine Romanticism” (highlighted)?
A. It bought about Austen’ s vexed relationship to Romanticism by implying that Austen embraced relatively few elements of the Romantic ideology.
B. It contributes to Austen’ s vexed relationship to Romanticism by keeping her separate from the male writers whose poetry is central to the period.
C. It ameliorates Austen’ s vexed relationship to Romanticism by emphasizing affinities between she and other leading women intellectuals of the day.
D. It ameliorates Austen’ s vexed relationship to Romanticism by capturing the notion of an alternative Romantic ideology that she espoused.
E. It resolves Austen’ s vexed relationship to Romanticism by demonstrating her affinity with Romantic ideology.
第四題:文章作者最有可能會(huì)同意以下哪個(gè)關(guān)于“女性浪漫主義”的說(shuō)法?
原文第一段第一句提到 Jane Austen(的作品)和浪漫主義文學(xué)流派之間的關(guān)系一直以來(lái)都被人們反復(fù)爭(zhēng)論不休。因?yàn)楸M管她在世的時(shí)候恰好也是浪漫主義文學(xué)盛行的時(shí)候,但在過(guò)去,人們一直把她和一些男性詩(shī)人(這些詩(shī)人的作品定義了大部分 20 世紀(jì)時(shí)期的英國(guó)浪漫主義文學(xué)風(fēng)格)分開(kāi)來(lái)研究。這一段最后幾句話都是在闡述傳統(tǒng)的這個(gè)看法。“女性浪漫主義”的說(shuō)法是在第一段的最后一句提到的。這句話提到 Anne Mellor 的觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為 Austen “和其他杰出的女性知識(shí)分子以及女性作家”一樣,都“沒(méi)有”“當(dāng)時(shí)那個(gè)年代的浪漫主義精神”,而是認(rèn)可另外一種被 Mellor 稱(chēng)之為“女性浪漫主義”的思想體系。
A. 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)通過(guò)暗示 Austen 并不接受浪漫主義文學(xué)派的思想體系,引發(fā)了有關(guān) Austen 和與浪漫主義文學(xué)派之間的關(guān)系的爭(zhēng)論。
B. 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)把 Austen 和與她同時(shí)代的男作家(這些男作家的詩(shī)歌是當(dāng)時(shí)哪個(gè)時(shí)代的重要的文學(xué)作品)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái),從而進(jìn)一步表明了人們對(duì)于 Austen 和與浪漫主義文學(xué)派之間的關(guān)系一直以來(lái)都爭(zhēng)論不休,沒(méi)有定論。
C. 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了 Austen 和當(dāng)時(shí)其他杰出的女性知識(shí)分子之間的相似之處,從而使人們對(duì)于 Austen 和與浪漫主義文學(xué)派之間的關(guān)系的爭(zhēng)論得到了緩和。
D. 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)抓住了 Austen 支持的另外一種浪漫主義思想體系,從而使人們對(duì)于 Austen 和與浪漫主義文學(xué)派之間的關(guān)系的爭(zhēng)論得到了緩和。
E. 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)表明 Austen 和浪漫主義思想體系之間有相似之處,從而解決了人們對(duì)于 Austen 和與浪漫主義文學(xué)派之間的關(guān)系的爭(zhēng)論。
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