2022年1月的一篇新機(jī)經(jīng)讓我們知道，原來GRE閱讀的邏輯單題的題庫里，也存在“改頭換面”現(xiàn)象。今天我們一起來看看。

我們先來看一篇老機(jī)經(jīng):

A chemical present in all grapes helps reduce blood cholesterol in humans. The chemical is also present in red wine and grape juice. But not in white wine. Both red wine and grape juice are produced using whole grapes; white wine is produced without using the grape skins.The information above, if true, most strongly supports which of the following conclusions?

A. Regular consumption of alcoholic substances such as red or white wine can substantially reduce blood cholesterol.

B. Eating whole fruit is more likely to reduce blood cholesterol than is drinking juice made from whole fruit.

C. The skins of red grapes but not of other grapes contain the chemical that reduces blood cholesterol.

D. The chemical that reduces blood cholesterol is found in the skins but not in other parts of grapes.

E. The chemical that reduces blood cholesterol is present only in beverages, rather than solid foods, that are made from grapes.

文章大意及題目解析

所有葡萄里都含有一種化學(xué)成分，這種化學(xué)成分有利于降低人體血液內(nèi)的膽固醇。紅葡萄酒中和葡萄汁中，也含有這種化學(xué)成分。但是在白葡萄酒中，不含這種化學(xué)成分。紅葡萄酒和葡萄汁都是用完整（帶皮）的葡萄制造的，白葡萄酒是用不帶皮的葡萄制造的。

以上的信息如果都是事實，那么這些信息最支持下列結(jié)論中的哪一個？

A. 定期有規(guī)律地喝酒（比如紅葡萄酒和白葡萄酒）可以大幅降低人體血液內(nèi)的膽固醇。

根據(jù)題目提供的信息，白葡萄酒中并不含那種能夠降低人體血液內(nèi)的膽固醇的化學(xué)成分， A選項中提到了白葡萄酒，這就錯了。

B. 吃葡萄（連皮一起吃）比用帶皮的葡萄制成的葡萄汁更能降低人體血液內(nèi)的膽固醇。

根據(jù)題目提供的信息，我們無法知道直接吃葡萄和吃葡萄酒的效果會有什么不同，所以B選項錯誤。

C. 紅葡萄的皮含有那種能夠降低人體血液內(nèi)的膽固醇的化學(xué)成分，其他葡萄的皮不含那種化學(xué)成分 。

根據(jù)題目提供的信息，我們無法知道紅葡萄的皮和其他葡萄的皮有區(qū)別。所以C選項錯誤。

D. 葡萄的皮里含有那種能夠降低人體血液內(nèi)的膽固醇的化學(xué)成分，葡萄的其他部分不含那種能夠降低人體血液內(nèi)的膽固醇的化學(xué)成分。

請同學(xué)們注意，葡萄的其他部分是指果肉和果核等部分。因為白葡萄酒是用去皮的葡萄釀造的，結(jié)果釀出來以后就不含那種能夠降低人體血液內(nèi)的膽固醇的化學(xué)成分。那么假設(shè)釀紅葡萄酒和葡萄汁所使用的葡萄原料和釀白葡萄酒所使用的葡萄原料在其他方面相同，只有去皮和不去皮這一個區(qū)別的情況下，決定最后的產(chǎn)品帶不帶那種化學(xué)成分的，就可能是因為那種化學(xué)成分只存在于葡萄皮中，而不存在于葡萄的其他部分中。所以D選項正確。

E. 能夠降低人體血液內(nèi)的膽固醇的化學(xué)成分，只存在于用葡萄制成的酒水一類的食物中，而不存在于用葡萄制成的固體食物中。

根據(jù)題目提供的信息，不能判斷用葡萄制成的固體食物（比如葡萄干）中有沒有那種能夠降低人體血液內(nèi)的膽固醇的化學(xué)成分，所以E選項錯誤。

我們再來看一篇2022年1月的新機(jī)經(jīng)。這道題很有意思，開頭和舊題一模一樣，不同的是把舊題的正確選項也放進(jìn)了題干，然后出了一道問assumption的題，難度也相應(yīng)地提高了。我們一起來看看：

ut not in white wine. Both red wine and grape juice are produced using whole grapes; white wine is produced without using the grape skins. It follows that the chemical that reduces blood cholesterol is present in the skins but not in the other parts of grapes.B A chemical present in all grapes helps reduce blood cholesterol in humans. The chemical is also present in red wine and grape juice,

1. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. Any product made from discarded grape skins would not contain the cholesterol-reducing chemical.

B. The chemical that helps reduce blood cholesterol is the only chemical present in grape skins that is not also present in the other parts of grapes.

C. None of the chemicals that are present in grape skins are removed by any of the processing that is done during the production of red wine.

D. The skins of grapes from which white wine is made are identical in chemical composition to the skins of either the grapes from which red wine is made or the grapes from which grape juice is made.

E. There is nothing in the process used in making white wine that would destroy the cholesterol-reducing chemical