| 備考GMAT的同學(xué)都知道，在GMAT的verbal部分里包含句子改錯(cuò)SC 、邏輯推理CR、閱讀理解RC三大題型。這三大題型各有特點(diǎn)，那CR其實(shí)是最考察考生是否具備一個(gè)良好的邏輯思維能力以及決策能力的部分了。那今天我們就來梳理一下CR的考點(diǎn)。
首先，很多同學(xué)以為CR的考點(diǎn)就是增強(qiáng)削弱評價(jià)。這種說法是不恰當(dāng)?shù)模粋€(gè)完整的論證，可以通過其他一些陳述來反駁或支持該論證，這就構(gòu)成了我們的CR題目，所以增強(qiáng)削弱不屬于考點(diǎn)，只是一種提問形式。那CR的考點(diǎn)都有哪些呢？
換句話說，我們CR考察大家的是什么，小編給大家總結(jié)了CR考察的5大考點(diǎn):一般推理、類比推理、目標(biāo)管理、財(cái)商思維、boldface。分別對應(yīng)了考生作為一個(gè)管理者必須具備的5種思維：歸納演繹、類比思維、以結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向的思維、開源節(jié)流的商業(yè)思維，以及不同事件之間關(guān)系判斷的思維。
一般推理
占比最大，主要包括增強(qiáng)和削弱兩大問法，以下分別舉2個(gè)列題說明：
（1）增強(qiáng)
Certain groups of Asian snails include both “left-handed” and “right-handed” species, with shells coiling to the left and right, respectively. Some left-handed species have evolved from right-handed ones. Also, researchers found that snail eating snakes in the same habitat have asymmetrical jaws, allowing them to grasp right-handed snail shells more easily. If these snakes ate more right-handed snails over time, this would have given left-handed snails an evolutionary advantage over right-handed snails, with the left-handed snails eventually becoming a new species. Thus, the snakes' asymmetrical jaws probably helped drive the emergence of the left-handed snail species.
Which of the following would, if true, most strengthen the argument that asymmetrical snake jaws helped drive left-handed snail evolution?
A. In one snake species, the snakes with asymmetrical jaws eat snails, while the snakes with symmetrical jaws do not eat snails.
B. Some species of Asian snails contain either all right-handed snails, or all lefthanded snails.
C. Anatomical differences prevent left-handed snails from mating easily with right-handed snails.
D. Some right-handed snails in this habitat have shells with a very narrow opening that helps prevent snakes from extracting the snails from inside their shells.
E. Experiments show that the snail-eating snakes in this habitat fail more often in trying to eat left-handed snails than in trying to eat right-handed snails.
邏輯鏈：蛇更容易吃右撇子蝸牛---最后左撇子蝸牛會成為新物種。問增強(qiáng)
A.在一種蛇中，嘴不對稱的蛇吃蝸牛，而嘴對稱的蛇不吃蝸牛。討論不同種類蛇的吃食習(xí)慣，無關(guān)
E.實(shí)驗(yàn)表明吃蝸牛的蛇在嘗試吃左撇子蝸牛上比嘗試右撇子蝸牛上更容易失敗---正確，能夠增強(qiáng)。
（2）削弱
Mall owner: Our mall's occupancy rate is so low that we are barely making a profit. We cannot raise rents because of an unacceptably high risk of losing established tenants. On the other hand, a mall that is fully occupied costs about as much to run as one in which a rental space here and a rental space there stands empty. Clearly, therefore, to increase profits we must sign up new tenants.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. The mall's operating costs could be cut by consolidating currently rented spaces in such a way that an entire wing of the mall could be closed up.
B. The mall is located in a geographic area in which costs incurred for air-conditioning in the hot summers exceed those incurred for heating in the mid winters by a wide margin.
C. The mall's occupancy rate, though relatively low, has been relatively stable for several years.
D. The mall lost tenants as a result of each of the two major rent increases that have occurred there.
E. None of the mall's established tenants is likely to need additional floor space there in the foreseeable future.
to increase profits ---- must sign up new tenants.
A 倉庫的運(yùn)營成本可以靠關(guān)掉整個(gè)側(cè)翼的倉庫來壓縮；他因削弱，壓縮成本（他因）以提高利潤，正確
B 倉庫所在地區(qū)夏天空調(diào)成本超過冬天制熱成本很多；談夏冬代價(jià)，無關(guān)比較。
C 倉庫的使用率雖然低但很穩(wěn)定；與利潤無關(guān)，排除。
D 兩次租金上調(diào)損失了大量客戶；談?chuàng)p失客戶的原因，無關(guān)。
E 現(xiàn)在的租客以后不太可能擴(kuò)大面積；租客的主觀表達(dá)，無關(guān)。
類比推理
一般會有兩個(gè)對象進(jìn)行相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)的比較。相同點(diǎn)是增強(qiáng)，不同點(diǎn)是削弱。
Although the discount stores in Goreville's central shopping district are expected to close within five years as a result of competition from a Spendless discount department store that just opened, those locations will not stay vacant for long. In the five years since the opening of Colson's, a nondiscount department store, a new store has opened at the location of every store in the shopping district that closed because it could not compete with Colson's.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. Many customers of Colson's are expected to do less shopping there than they did before the SpendLess store opened.
B. lncreasingly, the stores that have opened in the central shopping district since Colson's opened have been discount stores.
C. At present, the central shopping district has as many stores operating in it as it ever had.
D. Over the course of the next five years, it is expected that Goreville's population will grow at a faster rate than it has for the past several decades.
E. Many stores in the central shopping district sell types of merchandise that are not available at either SpendLess or Colson's.
①G競爭不過S，S店出現(xiàn)（打折）→旁邊的店倒閉→argument：倒閉店址也會有新店開（因?yàn)椴粫仗?
②C店出現(xiàn)（不打折）→旁邊的店倒閉→倒閉店址有新折扣店開
A. 客戶被預(yù)計(jì)科爾森的許多顧客在那里購物的次數(shù)要比這家鋪?zhàn)娱_張前少。expected，主觀，排除
B. 在Ｃ附近開的店是打折店增多。正確，類比之后從兩個(gè)方面削弱，從點(diǎn)的數(shù)量和店的性質(zhì)（打折的）上削弱。
C. 目前，中央購物區(qū)經(jīng)營的商店和以往一樣多。店的數(shù)量與過去的數(shù)量對比，原文說新店會開張因?yàn)闆]競爭，無關(guān)
D. 在接下來的五年里，預(yù)計(jì)Goreville的人口增長速度將超過過去幾十年。人口增加，無關(guān)
E. 中心店鋪賣的東西在其他店里買不到，原文從頭到尾都在談?wù)摰归]的問題，沒說到過賣什么東西的問題，無關(guān)。
目標(biāo)管理
作為管理者一定要以結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向，抓住核心目標(biāo)，目標(biāo)不能找錯(cuò)或者是無效目標(biāo)。
To improve the long-term savings rate of the citizens of Levaska, the country's legislature decided to implement a plan that allows investors to save up to $1,000 per year in special accounts without paying taxes on the interest earned unless withdrawals are made before the investor reaches age sixty-five. Withdrawals from these accounts prior to age sixty-five would result in the investor's having to pay taxes on all the accumulated interest at the time of withdrawal.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the legislature's plan will have its intended effect?
A. The money saved in the tax-free savings accounts will be deposited primarily in those banks and financial institutions that supported the legislation instituting the plan.
B. The majority of people choosing to take advantage of the tax-free savings accounts will withdraw their money prior to age sixty-five.
C. A significant number of the citizens of Levaska will invest in the tax-free savings accounts well before they reach the age of sixty-five.
D.During the ten years prior to implementation of the plan, Levaskans deposited an increasingly smaller percentage of their annual income in long-term savings accounts.
E.People who are not citizens of Levaska are not eligible to invest in the tax-free savings accounts, even if their income is taxable in Levaska.
65歲之前不取---可以享受該賬戶優(yōu)惠且不付利息
計(jì)劃問以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)說明立法機(jī)構(gòu)的計(jì)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)？
A. 免利息稅的這筆錢將會被放在支持立法機(jī)構(gòu)計(jì)劃的銀行和金融機(jī)構(gòu)中。這與是否實(shí)現(xiàn)提高長期存款率無關(guān)。
B. 大部分選擇了存款到免利息稅賬戶的人將會在65歲之前提前支取。與原文條件相反，攻擊原文條件。
C. 很大一部分居民會在他們65歲前將錢存入免息賬戶。Invest有投資，即存錢，說明提高了居民存款率，正確
D. 在計(jì)劃完成的前十年，L提高了長期存款的年利率。時(shí)間上的縱向邏輯，這并不能說明立法機(jī)構(gòu)希望存款率增長的計(jì)劃成功
E. 那些不是L居民的人不能享受該計(jì)劃，即使他們的收入在L是應(yīng)納稅的。與邏輯無關(guān)，錯(cuò)誤
財(cái)商思維
Letter to the editor: Our city plans to allow major commercial development along the south waterfront and, in so doing, to increase its tax revenue. But, to succeed commercially, the development would inevitably create far more road traffic than the existing roads to the waterfront can handle, causing serious congestion. Providing enough roads or public transportation to the area would cost far more than the city could gain from the increased tax revenue.
Which of the following, if added to the city's plan, would be most likely to help solve the problem the letter describes?
A. Funding construction of new roads to the waterfront with a system of tolls on the new roads to the waterfront
B. Allowing residential development along the waterfront so that there will be waterfront residents who can walk to the commercial development
C. Giving tax breaks to developers of businesses along the waterfront to offset any tax levied on them for construction of roads or public transportation
D. Evaluating the net benefits that the commercial development would bring to the city in terms of improved quality of life for the city's residents rather than in financial terms
E. Allowing commercial development in other city neighborhoods whose roads are not seriously congested with traffic
前提commercial development---increase tax
結(jié)論：more roads----costs more
A. 資助興建通往海旁的新道路，并在通往海旁的新道路實(shí)施收費(fèi)制度。----------收費(fèi)機(jī)器收錢了可以緩解了資金不足的情況。
B. 容許沿海旁的住宅發(fā)展，使海旁居民可步行前往商業(yè)發(fā)展。-----走過去又怎樣？不能腦補(bǔ)走過去之后就帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和消費(fèi)了，無關(guān)，排除。
C. 和錢有關(guān)，但是把商戶的稅收減緩了，還是不能彌補(bǔ)修路的投資。方向相反。
D. 評估商業(yè)發(fā)展將給城市帶來的凈效益，以改善城市居民的生活質(zhì)量，而不是從財(cái)政角度。--------此選項(xiàng)屬于喊口號式的選項(xiàng)，寬泛且不切實(shí)際，和錢無關(guān)
E. 允許在道路交通不嚴(yán)重?fù)頂D的其他城市社區(qū)進(jìn)行商業(yè)開發(fā)-----和其他社區(qū)無關(guān)，和錢無關(guān)，不能切實(shí)解決問題。
Boldface
句子關(guān)系題，判斷兩個(gè)黑體之間的本質(zhì)關(guān)系從而做出判斷。
Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale known as the diatonic scale, but when did the scale originate? A fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite has four holes, which are spaced in exactly the right way for playing the third through sixth notes of a diatonic scale. The entire flute must surely have had more holes, and the flute was made from a bone that was long enough for these additional holes to have allowed a complete diatonic scale to be played. Therefore, the Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second is the main conclusion stated in the argument.
B. The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.
C. The first describes a discovery as undermining the position against which the argument as a whole is directed; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.
D. The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.
E. The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second gives a reason to rule out one possible explanation.
①兩黑體屬性：倆條件or倆結(jié)論or條件推結(jié)論。
由于題干完全沒有任何轉(zhuǎn)折,全是支持,所以選項(xiàng)中第二句話只要出現(xiàn)反對的都可以排,排除BDE。
比較AC的第一句話,C的第一句 也是反對的,意思是:第一句削弱了一個(gè)整段都反對的立場。第一個(gè)黑體沒有取反駁的意思，排除，
以上，希望大家好好練習(xí)，把握CR核心影響關(guān)系，通過題目的練習(xí)，升華思維模式才是取勝的關(guān)鍵。
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關(guān)鍵字：GMAT考試,GMAT培訓(xùn),上海GMAT培訓(xùn),
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